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Multidimensional Forgiveness Inventory
Multidimensional Forgiveness Inventory
The Multidimensional Forgiveness Inventory (MDFI) is a three-factor scale designed to measure people's percieved presence of communication, belief, and feelings of forgiveness. The three factors are intended to mirror behaviour, cognition, and affect. The scale is designed to assess ambivalent forgiveness in complex situations, where people may hold certain features of forgiveness but not others (e.g., a desire to forgive but a lack of forgiving feelings).
Citation:
Hillman J.G., & MacDonald T.K. (2025). The Multidimensional Forgiveness Inventory: A model for the assessment of incongruent and incomplete forgiveness. Sage Open.
Cognition Motivation Scale
Cognition Motivation Scale
The Cognitive Motivation Scale (CMS) is a two-factor scale designed to measure people's typical preference for cognitively demanding activities. It is similar to contructs like Need for Cognition, but includes an inhibition component (i.e., desire to avoid cognitively demanding tasks), which shows considerably more predictive validity in some contexts, such as individuals with severe mental illness.
Citation:
Tran, T., Hillman, J. G., Hargadon, D. P., Cunningham, S., Toubache, R., & Bowie, C. R. (2024). Approach and withdrawal from cognitively effortful activities: development, validation, and transdiagnostic clinical utility of a cognitive motivation scale. Journal of Affective Disorders, 367, 823-831.
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